FromObjectType and ToObjectType must be specified to retrieve association types

This means these two filters are not defined in your replicate query, you’ll need to define these according to documentation listed below: 
https://cdn.cdata.com/help/DHJ/ado/pg_hubspotv3table-associationstypes.htm

An example of a Sync task with this query syntax might look like the following:

REPLICATE AssociationsTypes SELECT * FROM AssociationsTypes WHERE (FromObjectType = ‘companies’) AND (ToObjectType = ‘deals’)

Further API documentation explaining what these filters are and why they are required can be found here: